An advocacy group called Access Now published a report on internet shutdowns in 2024

Key Findings of the Report:

There were 296 shutdowns in 54 countries in 2024, compared to 283 in 2023.

India (84), Pakistan (21), Russia (19) and Myanmar (85 shutdowns) accounted for 71% of the total.

Human Rights Concerns: 72 shutdowns were associated with serious human rights violations, including airstrikes, police brutality and war crimes.

Results specific to India The number of shutdowns in India was highest of any democracy, at 84 affecting 16 states and territories.

Protests, elections, intercommunal violence, and exams are the most common causes.

India's Legal Provisions for Internet Shutdown:

Legal Basis: Telecommunications (Temporary Suspension of Services) Rules, 2024 as per Telecommunications Act, 2023

An order suspending a licence must be published, explaining the reasons for it and specifying the area it applies to and the services affected. It must last no longer than 15 days.

Authority Under section 144 of the former CrPC (section 163 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) the Union Home Secretary (for Central Government) or the Secretary to State Government in charge of the Home Department (for State Government) may issue an order which is used by the Government to enforce restrictions.

Anuradha Bhasin (2020) Assessment Internet curbs must be temporary, legal, necessary and proportionate, said the SC.