Amoeba that eats brains, what is that!

What it is?

A free-living, unicellular organism (Naegleria fowleri) that induces Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), an uncommon yet lethal brain infection.

Vector and Transmission:

It gets into the body via the nose when swimming or bathing in polluted freshwater.

It subsequently moves to the brain, damaging brain tissue.

Not transmitted through drinking water and not contagious from one person to another.

Location of Discovery:

Warm freshwater environments: lakes, rivers, inadequately cared-for swimming pools, water play areas.

Thrives in heated conditions reaching 46°C (115°F).

Detected in soil and dust in certain instances as well.

Indications:

Initial phase: Head pain, elevated temperature, queasiness, vomiting.

Advanced stage: Rigid neck, disorientation, convulsions, illusions, unconsciousness.

Quick advancement frequently results in death within 5–18 days after symptoms appear.

Therapy:

No universally effective treatment discovered.

Ongoing treatment: Combination therapy utilizing antifungals and antibiotics (e.g., Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, Fluconazole, Azithromycin).

The global survival rate is very low (approximately 3%), but Kerala has shown improved results because of early diagnosis