Ocean Acidification, what is it? Let's explore!

What is Ocean Acidification?

Ocean acidification describes the continuous decline in the pH of the Earth's oceans, resulting from the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air.

When CO₂ is absorbed by seawater, it creates carbonic acid, which decreases ocean pH and diminishes calcium carbonate concentrations—vital for numerous marine species.

Violation of Planetary Limits

Planetary limits are points at which the Earth's essential systems might fail to sustain a stable environment.

The research indicates that by 2020, the mean ocean conditions worldwide had decreased by 20% from pre-industrial calcium carbonate saturation levels, surpassing the safe acidification limit.

At a depth of 200 metres, 60% of the world's oceans had exceeded the “safe” threshold for acidification.

Effects of Ocean acidification

Species Affected by Calcification: Corals, oysters, mussels, and pteropods (sea butterflies) are the most susceptible.

Acidification diminishes shells and skeletons, lowers reproduction rates, hinders growth, and raises mortality.

Fisheries and Livelihoods: The reduction of fish nursery areas impacts the food security and economic well-being of coastal populations.

Tourism Industry: The deterioration of coral reefs impacts the tourism and recreational diving sectors.

Climate Feedbacks: Harm to ocean ecosystems such as plankton could influence the oceans' ability to sequester carbon. This might intensify global warming as time progresses.

Social effects: Migration due to climate issues and loss of livelihoods could heighten geopolitical conflicts. Increasing joblessness in coastal industries could lead to social upheaval.

Path Forward

Policy and Governance: Integrate ocean acidification into national climate and ocean policies.

Emphasize Marine Spatial Planning and Integrated Coastal Zone Management.

Local Conservation and Adaptation: Safeguard and rehabilitate robust ecosystems, including seagrasses and mangroves.

Establish Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in areas of significant vulnerability.

Final thoughts

Ocean acidification is more than a marine issue; it is a complex crisis impacting biodiversity, economies, food systems, and climate resilience.

Its quiet yet swift progression requires immediate and synchronized policy actions both globally and locally.