Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) provide a substitute for the market-leading battery electric vehicles (BEVs)

Batteries Powered Electric Vehicles (BPEVs)

• BEVs utilize electricity kept in rechargeable batteries as their power source.
• They need consistent charging from external power sources, usually via the electric grid.

Vehicles Powered by Fuel Cells (FCEVs)

• FCEVs utilize hydrogen gas to produce electricity via a chemical reaction in fuel cells.
• They produce only water vapor as a byproduct, rendering them eco-friendly.

Fuel cell

• Hydrogen Compared to Battery as an Energy Source
• Characteristic Battery Electric Vehicles Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles
• Charging Time Duration (varies by charger) 5–15 minutes

Scope Average Extended

• Weight Heavier (because of batteries) Lighter
• Terrain appropriateness restricted for off-road Suitable for rough conditions.
• Cold Climate Suitability Effectiveness decreases Functions improved
• India's Electric Automobile Scene
• In 2023, electric vehicles represented 5% of overall vehicle sales.
• Electric 3-Wheelers: In 2023, India emerged as the leading market globally for electric three-wheelers, surpassing China.

India accounts for 60% of worldwide sales in this sector.

Electric 2-Wheelers: India ranks as the second-largest market worldwide, having sold 0.88 million units in 2023. China continues to lead significantly with 6 million units sold.

India, China, and ASEAN countries are at the forefront in this area, while other regions account for under 5% of the worldwide two- and three-wheeler market.