Through the National Statistics Office (NSO), the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) in , "Energy Statistics India 2025."

India's Energy Situation by 2025

Total Demand and Supply for Energy:

Supply: An estimated 1,800 million tons of oil equivalent (MToE), representing a 4.5% annual growth rate in comparison to 2024.

Demand: Mainly driven by residential use (20%), transportation requirements (25%), and industrial growth 40%.

Sources and Proportions of Energy Composition:

• 48% coal and 28% oil
• 8% comes from natural gas; 12% comes from renewable sources like solar, wind, hydro, and biomass.
• Nuclear: 4%

Production and Fossil Fuel Reserves (320 billion tonnes of total coal reserves):

Production and Reserves of Coal: Only a few states in India contain the majority of the country's coal reserves: Odisha (25.47%), Jharkhand (23.58%), Chhattisgarh (21.23%), West Bengal (8.72%), and Madhya Pradesh (8.43%). These states together account for about 85% of India's total coal reserves. Tamil Nadu accounted for 79% of the estimated 47.30 billion tonnes of lignite reserves as of April 1, 2024. An estimated 950 million tonnes of coal will be produced annually, meeting 85% of domestic demand. After China, India is the world's second-largest producer of coal.

Crude Oil: With 32% of the country's total reserves, the Western Offshore region of India has the largest crude oil reserves. The Assam region has 22% of the nation's crude oil reserves.

Natural Gas Reserves: The Western Offshore region has the largest natural gas reserves, accounting for about 31% of the total, while the Eastern Offshore region contributes about 24%.

Initiatives for Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

Programs and Policies of the Government:

• Promoting the production of green hydrogen for industrial uses is the goal of the National Hydrogen Mission.
• Promoting the adoption of energy-efficient technologies by industries through the Perform, Achieve, and Trade (PAT) scheme.
• Faster Adoption of Electric Vehicles (FAME-III): Increasing EV sales and building infrastructure for charging.

Carbon Emissions and Climate Goals: By 2025, India's carbon emissions are expected to have decreased by 4% to 2.9 billion tonnes of CO₂, largely due to a greater use of renewable energy sources. The country's long-term goal of reaching net-zero emissions by 2070 is still in place.

Prospects for the Future

Energy Projections for 2026–2030: By 2030, it is anticipated that 25% of energy will come from renewable sources. Economic development is predicted to drive a 5% annual growth in energy demand.

Difficulties Ahead with Fossil Fuel Dependence: India still relies heavily on imported crude oil and coal.

Energy Security Issues: Imports of gas and oil are at risk due to geopolitical unpredictability.

Infrastructure Challenges: Grid modernization and storage solution development are urgently needed.