IMD Forecasts Prolonged Cold Wave & Dense Fog Across Northern India

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a warning of a prolonged cold wave and widespread dense fog across northern and eastern parts of India starting 14 January and likely to persist for at least a week. States expected to be significantly affected include Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand and parts of Delhi–NCR, with night temperatures falling well below normal levels.

According to IMD, the cold wave conditions are driven by northwesterly winds, clear night skies, and reduced cloud cover, leading to rapid radiational cooling. Dense to very dense fog during early morning and late night hours is expected to severely reduce visibility, disrupting road, rail and air transport. Several airports and railway routes in north India are particularly vulnerable to delays and cancellations during such weather events.

Public health concerns are central to the IMD advisory. Prolonged exposure to extreme cold increases the risk of hypothermia, respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular stress and influenza-like infections, especially among elderly persons, children, homeless populations and outdoor workers. State governments have been advised to activate cold wave action plans, including night shelters, distribution of blankets, and public advisories.

The cold wave may also affect rabi crops such as wheat, mustard and pulses. While moderate cold can be beneficial, extreme temperature drops combined with frost can damage crops, impacting agricultural productivity and farmer incomes. IMD’s forecasts enable early warning and adaptive measures in agriculture and disaster management.

Conclusion

The IMD’s forecast highlights the growing importance of weather preparedness, climate resilience and public health planning. Timely advisories and coordinated responses are essential to minimise human, economic and infrastructural impacts of extreme winter events.